| Windows XP Run Commands Shortcuts | |
|---|---|
| Run Command | Program |
| access.cpl | Accessibility Controls |
| accwiz | Accessibility Wizard |
| hdwwiz.cpl | Add Hardware Wizard |
| appwiz.cpl | Add/Remove Programs |
| control admintools | Administrative Tools |
| acrobat | Adobe Acrobat ( if installed ) |
| acrodist | Adobe Distiller ( if installed ) |
| imageready | Adobe ImageReady ( if installed ) |
| photoshop | Adobe Photoshop ( if installed ) |
| wuaucpl.cpl | Automatic Updates |
| mplay32 | Basic Media Player |
| fsquirt | Bluetooth Transfer Wizard |
| calc | Calculator |
| ccleaner | Ccleaner ( if installed ) |
| c: | C: Drive |
| cdrtmgr.msc | Certificate Manager |
| charmap | Character Map |
| chkdsk | Check Disk Utility |
| chrome | Chrome ( if installed ) |
| clipbrd | Clipboard Viewer |
| cmd | Command Prompt |
| command | Command Prompt |
| dcomcnfg | Component Services |
| compmgmt.msc | Computer Management |
| comp | Compare Files |
| control | Control Panel |
| shrpubw | Create a shared folder Wizard |
| timedate.cpl | Date and Time Properties |
| ddeshare | DDE Shares |
| devmgmt.msc | Device Manager |
| directx.cpl | Direct X Control Panel ( if installed ) |
| dxdiag | Direct X Troubleshooter |
| cleanmgr | Disk Cleanup Utility |
| dfrg.msc | Disk Defragment |
| diskmgmt.msc | Disk Partition Manager |
| control desktop | Display Properties |
| desk.cpl | Display Properties |
| control color | Display Properties (w/Appearance Tab Preselected ) |
| drwtsn32 | Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utility |
| verifier | Driver Verifier Utility |
| ethereal | Ethereal ( if installed ) |
| eventvwr.msc | Event Viewer |
| migwiz | Files and Settings Transfer Tool |
| sigverif | File Signature Verification Tool |
| findfast.cpl | Findfast |
| firefox | Firefox |
| control folders | Folders Properties |
| fonts | Fonts |
| fonts | Fonts Folder |
| freecell | Free Cell Card Game |
| joy.cpl | Game Controllers |
| gpedit.msc | Group Policy Editor ( xp pro ) |
| mshearts | Hearts Card Game |
| helpctr | Help and Support |
| hypertrm | Hyperterminal |
| hotlineclient | Hotline Client |
| iexpress | |
Friday, 28 November 2014
Windows XP Run Commands Shortcuts
Web Server: Apache Web server
Web Server: Apache Web server
CONTENTS
4.1 Web server
4.1.1 Apache Web server
4.1.2 Working with Web Server
4.1.3 Configuring and using apache web services
4.2 Introduction to MDA
4.3 Genesis of MDA
4.4 Meta Object Facility
4.5 UML – UML Profiles
4.6 MDA Applications.
4.7 Question Bank
4.1 WEB SERVER:
• A Web Server is a computer which is connected to the Internet and is running specialized World Wide Web Server software. A computer connected to the Internet that stores and distributes Web pages upon request.
• The "server" is actually a software program running on the computer
• More specifically, a server is a computer that manages and shares web based applications accessible anytime from any computer connected to the Internet.
• Web server machine, in Addition to the Web page files it can serve, it runs an HTTP daemon, which waits for HTTP requests and handles them when they arrive.
• Your Web browser is an HTTP client, sending requests to server machines. When the browser user enters file requests by either "opening" a Web file or clicking on a hypertext link, the browser builds an HTTP request and sends it to the Internet Protocol address (IP address) indicated by the URL.
• The HTTP daemon in the destination server machine receives the request and sends back the requested file or files associated with the request.
Figure 4.1: Web Server
Popular web servers:
• Apache (open source),
• Microsoft's Internet Information Server (IIS) (commercial).
HTTP
Ø HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the set of rules for transferring files (text, graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files) on the World Wide Web.
Ø Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the primary method used to convey information on the World Wide Web. The original purpose was to provide a way to publish and receive HTML pages. HTTP is an application protocol that runs on top of the TCP/IP suite of protocols (the foundation protocols for the Internet).
4.1.1 Apache Web server
• The Apache Web Server is a free, open source web server developed and maintained by the Apache Server Project. The Apache Server Project is made up of volunteer programmers as well as contributors from all over the world.
• Apache was originally developed for Unix and Linux systems however, it is now available on other platforms such as Windows and OS.
• Most Linux distributions allow you the option of including Apache in the Linux installation.
• The first version of Apache, based on the NCSA httpd Web server, was developed in 1995.
• Because it was developed from existing NCSA code plus various patches, it was called
“a patchy server” - hence the name Apache Server.
4.1.2 Working with Apache
2. In the Apache 2 source directory, create a Makefile by typing:
3. Make Apache from the just-created Makefile: make
4. If make is successful, install Apache as root: make install.
4.1.3 Configuring and using apache web services
• Configuration is achieved by entering directives into the httpd.conf file (in the
/etc/httpd/conf directory). Apache provides a default httpd.conf file with directives, some of which are commented out.
• Depending on your requirements, you might not even need to change anything in the httpd.conf file, however there are some directives that you should customize for your site (ServerName, ServerAdmin etc).
• Here are some of the more useful directives.
Structure of httpd.conf
• DocumentRoot /var/www/html
– Specifies the root directory for your web files (index.html etc).
• ServerRoot /etc/httpd
– Specifies where your web server configuration, error, and log files are kept.
• Redirect [ status ] url-path url
– Maps an old URL into a new one. This can be useful if you move a page or directory to a new location, or if you delete a file and want to redirect users to another file.
• Two types of containers – most containers evaluated at every request.
• Some like <IfDefine> are evaluated only at startup.
• Directives are applied only for those requests that match the containers. <Directory> container. For example, directory indexes will be enabled for the directory /var/web/dir1 and all its
Subdirectories in the following:
<Directory /var/web/dir1>
Options +Indexes
</Directory>
Apache Files
• /usr/sbin – Contains Web Server program files and utilities.
• apachectl
• /usr/doc - Contains Web Server documentation
• /var/log/http - Contains the Apache log files
• Access.log
• Error.log
Test the web server.
1. /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd start (starts the web server)
2. Open web browser and type http://localhost/ into the address bar
3. /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd stop (stops the web server)
Virtual hosts:
• Running more than one website on a single machine.
• Two forms: IP-based, or name-based.
• Name-based: more than one website per IP.
• IP-based: Virtual host uses IP of connection to determine correct pages to serve.
OVERVIEW OF FREE/OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE
OVERVIEW OF FREE/OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE
Technical Terms
F/OSS – Free / Open Source Software
Free and open-source software (F/OSS, FOSS) or free/libre/open-source software (FLOSS) is software that is both free software and open source. It is liberally licensed to grant users the right to use, copy, study, change, and improve its design through the availability of its code. This approach has gained both momentum and acceptance as the potential benefits] have been increasingly recognized by both individuals and corporations.
COSS – Commercial Open Source Software
The phrase Commercial open source software (COSS) is used as a synonym for Proprietary Open Source Software, which contains some elements of free and open source software. The requirements for legitimately claiming to be "open source" sometimes limit some functionality to proprietary software, which providers sell under a closed and limited license. The release of some code under closed licensing builds in a potential path back to vendor lock-in if the functionality is ever required, and so the overall software is not "free" in the original sense and so does not qualify as FOSS as a whole. Arguably the right term for these "mixed-source" applications is Proprietary Software, while the term many of the companies behind them prefer, is COSS
HP –Hewlett-Packard
Hewlett-Packard Company (NYSE: HPQ) or HP is an American multinational information technology corporation headquartered in Palo Alto, California, United States. It provides products, technologies, software, solutions and services to consumers, small- and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) and large enterprises, including customers in the government, health and education sectors.
GNU GPL – General Public License
The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or GPL) is the most widely used[6] software license, which guarantees end-users the freedoms to use, study, share (copy), and modify the software. Software that ensures these freedom-rights is called free software. The license was originally written by Richard Stallman of the Free Software Foundation (FSF) for the GNU project.
GNU LGPL – Lesser General Public License
GNU Lesser General Public License or LGPL (formerly the GNU Library General Public License) is a free software license published by the Free Software Foundation (FSF). The LGPL allows developers and companies to use and integrate LGPL software into their own (even proprietary) software without being required to release the source code of their own software-parts.
The GNU Free Documentation License (GNU FDL or simply GFDL) is a copy left license for free documentation, designed by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) for the GNU Project. It is similar to the GNU General Public License, giving readers the rights to copy, redistribute, and modify a work and requires all copies and derivatives to be available under the same license.
Security Mechanism
• a mechanism that is designed to detect,
prevent, or recover from a security attack
• no single mechanism that will support all
functions required
• however one particular element underlies
many of the security mechanisms in use:
cryptographic techniquescryptography
Cryptography
•
Cryptography
gráphein
, "to write") is, traditionally, the study of means
of converting information from its normal,
comprehensible form into an incomprehensible format,
rendering it unreadable without secret knowledge — the
art of encryption.
Monday, 24 November 2014
tn post office job syllabus
O/o Chief Postmaster General, Tamilnadu Circle, Chennai 600 002.
2. The registration of on-line application will commence by 00:00 hours on 15/11/2014 and close by 23:59 hours on 07/12/2014.
3. The details of category-wise vacancies in Postman/Mail guard cadre is furnished division-wise under the link "VACANCIES" in the website (www.dopchennai.in). The vacancies earmarked for PH/Ex-Serviceman are included in the total vacancies notified for a particular division.
4. Candidates selected against vacancies earmarked for Physically Handicapped/Ex-serviceman will be adjusted against the total vacancies of the respective category viz., UR/SC/ST/OBC as the case may be depending upon the category to which the selected candidates belong to.
5. The vacancies notified are likely to vary/change without any prior intimation or assigning any reason. The department has the right to cancel the Recruitment Process or modify the selection process with the reasons recorded in writing at any stage. 6. Any person who claims to belong to a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe or Other Backward Class will have to produce a certificate to the appointing authority/Selection Committee at time of selection in support of his/her claim so as to make him/her eligible for reservation and various relaxations and concessions, vide DOPT OM No.36012/6/88-Estt(SCT) dated 24/04/1990 and OM No.36012/22/93-Estt(Res) dated 15/11/1993, OM No.36011/3/2009-Estt(Res) dated 02/09/2009 and OM No.36036/2/2013-Estt(Res) dated 30/05/2014. The Caste/Community Certificate issued by the following authorities in the prescribed form SC’s/ST’s/OBC’s will only be accepted as proof in support of the claim.
i) District Magistrate/Addl. District Magistrate/ Collector / Deputy Commissioner/ Addl. Deputy Commissioner / Deputy Collector / First Class
2 Stipendiary Magistrate / Sub Divisional Magistrate / Taluka Magistrate / Executive Magistrate/ Extra Asst. Commissioner
ii) Chief Presidency Magistrate / Addl. Chief Presidency Magistrate / Presidency Magistrate
iii) Revenue Officer not below the rank of Tehsildar and
iv) Sub Divisional Officer of the area where the candidate and or his family normally resides
A format for the same is given in Annexure I, II for SC/ST & OBC respectively.
7. Scale of Pay: Rs. 5200-20200 (Pay Band -1) with Grade Pay of Rs. 2000 8.
Promotional Avenues: Eligible for writing departmental examination for promotion to Postal Assistants/Sorting Assistants after completion of prescribed minimum service of 3 years. 9.
Age limit: 18-27 years.
| Permissible relaxation of upper age limit as per Government of India orders are as indicated below:- Category |
PH+SC/ST 15 years.
PH+OBC 13 years
(who have rendered not less than 3 years’ regular continuous service as on closing date for registration of application)
Sunday, 9 November 2014
tamil story
9
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XŒbtL¡F« fhšeilfŸ; »isfëš CŠršf£o ML« ÁWt® ÁWäa®;
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éisãy§fis všyh« ÅLfsh¡»¡bfhŸs K‰g£O®fŸ. ÏJ nghjhJ
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v‹d? mjidÍ« T¿ éL” v‹wh‹, f©z‹.
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Tuesday, 8 July 2014
hardware types link
Types of computer hardware - Wikiversity
en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Types_of_computer_hardwareJan 21, 2014 - Hardware refers to the physical elements of a computer. Also referred to as the machinery or the equipment of the computer. Examples of ...Types of Computer Hardware - Streetdirectory.com
Computer hardware is a physical part of a computer that executes within the hardware. ... Below are the different types of hardware's found in a computer.what is computer hardware ? (Its meaning and Types)
infotechnology.hubpages.com › TechnologyJan 1, 2014 - Having clear understanding about computer Hardware is as important as the Computer software.The type of Hardware in a Computer system ...Components of a computer system and modes of use: Types ...
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/A-level...a.../Types_of_hardwareHardware components are often categorised as being either input, output, storage or processing components. Devices which are not an integral part of the CPU ...Types of Computer Hardware - Buzzle
www.buzzle.com/articles/types-of-computer-hardware.htmlSep 23, 2011 - There are other types of computer hardware as well. For example, the CPU processes and manages information and can be called the brain of ...Different Types of Hardware - Buzzle
www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-hardware.htmlSep 27, 2011 - And when it comes to technology, a combination of hardware and software is evident. There are many different types of computer hardware and ...types of hardware - Teach ICT
www.teach-ict.com/gcse.../ocr/...hardware.../types.../home_types_hw.htm... computing - types of hardware Theory. gcse computing - types of hardware tasks Tasks. gcse computing - types of hardware tasks Quizzes. Types of hardware ...hardware Backups. 8 Backups. 8.1 Media types Here are ...
https://plus.google.com/.../posts/TnpMMm9eCJDMar 16, 2014 - hardware Backups. 8 Backups. 8.1 Media types Here are some average example prices as of February 1998: Table 4: Backup media comparisonMicrosoft Windows XP - Hardware types overview
https://www.microsoft.com/.../xp/all/.../hardware_types_overview.mspxWindows classifies devices by hardware type. Hardware types include such things as video adapter cards, keyboards, CD-ROM drives, ports, and printers.-
More images for HARDWARE TYPES
What is Hardware? (Computer Hardware Definition)
by Tim Fisher - Network hardware isn't as clearly defined as some other types of computer hardware. For example, many home routers will often act as a combination router, ...
Hardware Types
Adwww.ask.com/Hardware+TypesSearch for Hardware types. Find results on Ask.com.Ask.com has 13,958 followers on Google+
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